Bakrid(Eid al-Adha)
Eid al-Adha ( "feast of sacrifice") or "Festival of Sacrifice" or "Greater Eid" is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide to commemorate the willingness of Abraham (Ibrahim) to sacrifice his son Ishmael (Isma'il) as an act of obedience to God, before God intervened to provide him with a sheep— to sacrifice instead.
Eid al-Adha is the latter of two Eid festivals celebrated by Muslims, whose basis comes from Sura 2 (Al-Baqara) Ayah 196 in the Qur'an. Like Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a Sunnah prayer of two Raka'ah (units) followed by a sermon (khuṭbah).
The word "Eid" appears in Sura al-Mai'da ("The Table Spread," Chapter 5) of the Qur'an, meaning 'solemn festival'.
Eid al-Adha is celebrated annually on the 10th day of the 12th and the last Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah (ذو الحجة) of the lunar Islamic calendar. Eid al-Adha celebrations start after the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia by Muslims worldwide, descend from Mount Arafat. The date is approximately 70 days (2 Months & 10 days) after the end of the month of Ramadan, i.e. Eid-ul-Fitr. Ritual observance of the holiday lasts until sunset of the 13th day of Dhu al-Hijjah.
In keeping with the tradition of the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims are encouraged to prepare themselves for the occasion of Eid. Below is a list of things Muslims are recommended to do in preparation for the Eid al-Adha festival:
Make wudu (ablution) and offer Salat al-Fajr (the pre-sunrise prayer).
Prepare for personal cleanliness – take care of details of clothing, etc.
Dress up, putting on new or best clothes available.
Salat al-Eid (Eid prayer)
Muslims from the Ottoman Empire gather after Eid prayers to greet the Imam.
The scholars differed concerning the ruling on Eid prayers. There are three scholarly points of view:
1 – That Eid prayer is Sunnah mu’akkadah (recommended). This is the view of Imam Maalik and Imam al-Shaafa’i.
2 – That it is a Fard Kifaya (communal obligation). This is the view of Imam Ahmad.
3 – That it is Wajib on all Muslim men (a duty for each Muslim and is obligatory for men); those who do not do it with no excuse are sinning thereby. This is the view of Imam Abu Haneefah, and was also narrated from Imam Ahmad. Among those who favoured this view were Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah and al-Shawkaani.Eid prayer must be offered in congregation. It consists of two Raka'ah (units) with seven Takbirs in the first Raka'ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka'ah. For Sunni Muslims, Salat al-Eid differs from the five daily canonical prayers in that no adhan (Call to Prayer) or iqama (call) is pronounced for the two Eid prayers. However, Shi'ite Muslims may begin Salat al-Eid with adhan (Call to Prayer)—with a third repetition of the line "Hayya ala salah" ("Come to prayer")-and iqama (call). The Salaat (prayer) is then followed by the Khutbah, or sermon, by the Imam.
At the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, the Muslims embrace and exchange greetings with one other (Eid Mubarak), give gifts (Eidi) to children, and visit one another. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to invite their non-Muslims friends, neighbours, co-workers and classmates to their Eid festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.
Eid al-Adha in the Gregorian calendar
During the festivals of Eid al-Adha, Muslims generally prepare the finest meals derived from their respective cuisines.
While Eid al-Adha is always on the same day of the Islamic calendar, the date on the Gregorian calendar varies from year to year since the Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar and the Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. The lunar calendar is approximately eleven days shorter than the solar calendar. Each year, Eid al-Adha (like other Islamic holidays) falls on one of two different Gregorian dates in different parts of the world, because the boundary of crescent visibility is different from the International Date Line.The following list shows the official dates of Eid al-Adha for Saudi Arabia as announced by the Supreme Judicial Council. Future dates are estimated according to the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia.[18] However, it should be noted that the Umm al-Quraa is just guide for planning purposes and not the absolute determinant or fixer of dates. Confirmations of actual dates by moon sighting are applied to announce the specific dates for both Hajj rituals and the subsequent Eid festival. The three days after the listed date are also part of the festival. The time before the listed date the pilgrims visit the Mount Arafat and descend from it after sunrise of the listed day. Future dates of Eid al-Adha might face correction 10 days before the festivity, in case of deviant lunar sighting in Saudi Arabia for the start of the month Dhul Hijja.
1418 (Islamic Calendar): 7 April 1998
1419 (Islamic Calendar): 27 March 1999
1420 (Islamic Calendar): 16 March 2000
1421 (Islamic Calendar): 5 March 2001
1422 (Islamic Calendar): 23 February 2002
1423 (Islamic Calendar): 12 February 2003
1424 (Islamic Calendar): 1 February 2004
1425 (Islamic Calendar): 21 January 2005
1426 (Islamic Calendar): 10 January 2006
1427 (Islamic Calendar): 31 December 2006
1428 (Islamic Calendar): 20 December 2007
1429 (Islamic Calendar): 8 December 2008
1430 (Islamic Calendar): 27 November 2009
1431 (Islamic Calendar): 16 November 2010
1432 (Islamic Calendar): 6 November 2011
1433 (Islamic Calendar): 26 October 2012 (calculated)
1434 (Islamic Calendar): 15 October 2013 (calculated)
1435 (Islamic Calendar): 4 October 2014 (calculated)
1436 (Islamic Calendar): 23 September 2015 (calculated)
1437 (Islamic Calendar): 11 September 2016 (calculated)
1438 (Islamic Calendar): 1 September 2017 (calculated)
1439 (Islamic Calendar): 21 August 2018 (calculated)
1440 (Islamic Calendar): 11 August 2019 (calculated)
1441 (Islamic Calendar): 31 July 2020 (calculated)
1442 (Islamic Calendar): 20 July 2021 (calculated)
Celebrations And Rituals
"The slaughter of animals for food for the poor which is one of the ceremonies of the Muslim pilgrimage is not a propitiatory sacrifice, but is in commemoration of the sacrifice of Abraham which marked the end of human sacrifices for the Semitic race, and which made it clear that the only sacrifice which God requires of man is the surrender of his will and purpose - i.e. Al-Islam."
The sacrifice offered on the day of Idul-Adha has been instituted in commemoration of Abraham's willingness to offer up his only son Ishmael. The sacrificial offering is divided into three portions, one being set apart for household consumption, another for friends and relatives and the third for the poor and needy. The distribution of the offering enjoined by the holy Law is designed to provide a substantial meal to the poor on this festive occasion.The animal sacrifice can be offered on the first day of the festival or any time later till the afternoon of the third day following it. For four days on this occasion, i.e., from the morning of the ninth to the afternoon prayer of the fourteenth of Dhu'l Hijja, special praise and glory to God is recited after every prayer. The formula is this:
Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great!
None is worthy of being worshipped except Allah!
Allah is Most Great! Allah is Most Great! Allah is Most
Great! All praise is for Allah alone!"